Lenin Vladimir Ilich
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (real name Ulyanov) was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician and statesman.
Basic information:
Dates of life: April 22, 1870 (Simbirsk, Russian Empire) — January 21, 1924 (Bolshye Gorki, Moscow province, USSR).
Family: son of Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov and Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova (nee Blank); spouse — Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya.
Education:
Simbirsk Classical Gymnasium (graduated with a gold medal in 1887);
Faculty of Law of Kazan University (expelled for participating in student protests);
He graduated from the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University with an external degree.
Key stages of activity:
The beginning of a revolutionary path:
Influenced by the execution of Alexander's elder brother (he participated in a conspiracy against Alexander III), he became interested in revolutionary ideas;
in 1893 he moved to St. Petersburg.‑St. Petersburg, where he joined the Marxist movement;
He developed the program of the Social Democratic Party.
Party formation and emigration:
one of the founders of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDLP);
leader of the Bolshevik wing of the party after the split in 1903;
During his first emigration (1900-1905), he participated in the publication of the newspaper Iskra, first signing the pseudonym "Lenin" in 1901.
1917 and the October Revolution:
returned to Russia in April 1917;
He led the preparation and conduct of the October Revolution;
He became the first chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (since 1917).
Post-revolutionary period:
led the country during the Civil War;
He initiated the policy of "war communism", and then the transition to a New Economic Policy (NEP, 1921);
He played a key role in the creation of the USSR (1922);
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (since 1923).
Main ideas and works:
he developed the theory of Marxism in relation to the conditions of Russia;
he justified the need for the dictatorship of the proletariat and the leading role of the party;
the author of the works: "What are the "friends of the people" and how do they fight against the Social Democrats?", "Imperialism as the highest stage of capitalism", "The State and revolution", etc.
Historical significance:
founder of the first socialist state in the world;
His ideas and management methods had a huge impact on the development of many countries in the 20th century.;
Lenin's personality and activities are still hotly debated.